|
References
For Sarah
Buckly's article
Epidurals: real
risk for mother
and baby
1. Perinatal
Statistics,
Queensland 1996.
Queensland
Health 1998. At
the present
time, national
figures for
epidural use are
not collected.
2. Dr Steve
Chester, Head of
Anaesthetics
Dept, Royal
Women's
Hospital,
Melbourne.
Around 45% of
primiparous
women at RWH
have an
epidural.
Personal
Communication
3. World Health
Organisation.
Care in Normal
birth: A
Practical
Guide..P 16. WHO
1996
4. Russell R,
Reynolds F.
Epidural
infusion of
low-dose
bupivicaine and
opioid in
labour. Does
reducing the
motor block
increase the
spontaneous
delivery rate?
Anaesthesia
1996; 51(5):
266-273
5. Webb RJ,
Kantor GS.
Obstetrical
epidural
anaesthesia in a
rural Canadian
hospital. Can J
Anaesth 1991;
39:390-393
6. Ramin SM,
Gambling DR,
Lucas MJ et al.
Randomized trial
of epidural
versus
intravenous
analgesia during
labor. Obstet
Gynecol 1995;
86(5): 783-789
7.
Howell CJ.
Epidural vs
non-epidural
analgesia in
labour. [Revised
6 May 1994] In:
Keirse MJNG,
Renfrew MJ,
Neilson JP,
Crowther C. (eds)
Pregnancy and
Childbirth
Module. In: The
Cochrane
Pregnancy and
Childbirth
Database.
(database on
disc and CD-ROM
) The Cochrane
Collaboration;
Issue 2, Oxford:
Update Software
1995 (Available
from BMJ
publishing
group, London)
8.
Thorp JA, Hu DH,
Albin RM, et al.
The effect of
intrapartum
epidural
analgesia on
nulliparous
labor; a
randomized,
controlled,
prospective
trial. Am J
Obstet Gynecol
1993; 169(4):
851-858
9. Paterson
Catherine,
Banfield Philip.
Epidural
analgesia and
maternal
satisfaction.
BMJ 1991 v302:
1079
10.
Thorp JA, Meyer
BA, Cohen GR et
al. Epidural
analgesia in
labor and
cesarean section
for dystocia.
Obstet Gynecol
Surv 1994;
49(5): 362-369
11. Lirzin JD,
Jacquintot P,
Dailland P, et
al. Controlled
trial of
extradural
bupivicaine with
fentanyl,
morphine or
placebo for pain
relief in
labour. Br J
Anaesth 1989;
62: 641-644
12. Caldwell LE,
Rosen MA,
Shnider SM.
Subarachnoid
morphine and
fentanyl for
labor analgesia.
Efficacy and
adverse effects.
Reg Anesth
1994;19:2-8
13.John Paull,
Faculty of
Anaesthetists,
Melbourne.
Quoted in: "The
perfect epidural
for labour is
proving elusive"
New Zealand
Doctor. 21 Oct
1991
14. as above
15. Buggy D,
Gardiner J. The
space blanket
and shivering
during
extradural
analgesia in
labour. Acta-Anaesthesiol-Scand
1995; 39(4):
551-553
16. Camann WR,
Hortvet LA,
Hughes N, et al.
Maternal
temperature
regulation
during
extradural
analgesia for
labour. Br J
Anaesth
1991;67:565-568.
17. Kennell J,
Klaus M, McGrath
S, et al.
Continuous
emotional
support during
labor in a US
hospital. JAMA
1991;265:2197-220
18. Stride PC,
Cooper GM. Dural
taps revisited:
a 20 year survey
from Birmingham
Maternity
Hospital.
Anaesthesia
1993;
48(3):247-255
19. Epidurals
for pain relief
in labour:
Informed choice
leaflet for
women. MIDIRS
and the NHS
centre for
Reviews and
dissemination
1997.
20. Epidural
pain relief
during labour;
Informed choice
for
professionals.
MIDIRS and the
NHS centre for
Reviews and
dissemination
1997.
21. see 13
22. see 13
23. Rawal N,
Arner S et al
Ventilatory
effects of
extradural
diamorphine.Br J
Anaesthesia
1982;54:239
24. Howell CJ,
Chalmers I. A
review of
prospectively
controlled
comparisons of
epidural with
non-epidural
forms of pain
relief during
labour. Int J
Obstet Anaesth
1992;1:93-110
25. Fernando R,
Bonello E et al.
Placental and
maternal plasma
concentrations
of fentanyl and
bupivicaine
after ambulatory
combined spinal
epidural (CSE)
analgesia during
labour. Int J
Obstet Anaesth
1995;4:178-179
26. Caldwell J,
Wakile LA,
Notarianni LJ et
al. Maternal and
neonatal
disposition of
pethidine in
child birth- a
study using
quantitative gas
chromatography-mass
spectrometry.
Lif Sci
1978;22:589-96
27. Bratteby LE,
Andersson L,
Swanstrom S.
Effect of
obstetrical
regional
analgesia on the
change in
respiratory
frequency in the
newborn. Br J
Anaesth 1979;
51:41S-45S
28. Swanstrom S,
Bratteby LE.
Metabolic
effects of
obstetric
regional
analgesia and of
asphyxia in the
newborn infant
during the first
two hours after
birth I.
Arterial blood
glucose
concentrations.
Acta Paediatr
Scand 1981;
70:791-800
29. Enkin M,
Keirse M,
Renfrew M,
Neilson J. A
Guide to
Effective Care
in Pregnancy and
Childbirth. P
287 Oxford
University Press
1995
30. Smith A.
Pilot study
investigating
the effect of
pethidine
epidurals on
breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding
Review, Nursing
Mothers
Association of
Australia. V5
no1 May 1997.
31. Walker M. Do
labor
medications
affect
breastfeeding? J
Human Lactation
1997;13(2)
131-137
32. Goodfellow
CF, Hull MGR,
Swaab DF et al.
Oxytocin
deficiency at
delivery with
epidural
analgesia. Br J
Obstet Gynaecol
1983; 90:214-219
33. Insel TR,
Shapiro LE.
Oxytocin
receptors and
maternal
behavior. In
Oxytocin in
Maternal Sexual
and Social
Behaviors.
Annals of the
New York Academy
of Sciences,
1992 Vol 652. Ed
CA Pedersen, JD
Caldwell, GF
Jirikowski and
TR Insel pp
122-141 New
York, New York
Academy of
Science
34. Howell CJ,
Chalmers I A
review of
prospectively
controlled
comparisons of
epidural with
non-epidural
forms of pain
relief during
labour. Int J
Obstet Anaesth
1992 1: 93-110
35. See 31
36. Scanlon JW,
Brown WU, Weiss
JB Alper MD.
Neurobehavioral
responses of
newborn infants
after maternal
epidural
anesthesia.
Anesthesiology,
1974; 40:
121-128
37. Morikawa S,
Ishikawa I,
Kamatsuki H, et
al.
Neurobehavior
and mental
development of
newborn infants
delivered under
epidural
analgesia with
bupivicaine.
Nippon Sanka
1990; 42:
1495-1502
38. Lester BM,
Heidelise A,
Brazelton TB.
Regional
obstetric
anesthesia and
newborn behavior:
a synthesis
toward
synergistic
effects.Child
Dev 1982;
53;687-692
39. Rosenblatt
DB, Belsey EM,
Lieberman BA et
al. The
influence of
maternal
analgesia on
neonatal
behaviour II
epidural
bupivicaine. Br
J Obstet Gynecol
1981 24;649-670
40. Seposki C,
Lester B,
Ostenheimer GW,
Brazelton, TB.
The effects of
maternal
epidural
anesthesia on
neonatal
behavior during
the first month.
Dev Med Child
Neurol
1992:34;1072-1080
41. Murray AD,
Dolby RM, Nation
RL, Thomas
DB.Effects of
epidural
anesthesia on
newborns and
their mothers.
Child Dev 1981;
82:71-82
42. Morgan BM,
Bulpitt CJ,
Clifton P, Lewis
PJ. Analgesia
and satisfaction
in childbirth
(the Queen
Charlotte's 1000
mother survey)
Lancet 1982; 2
(Oct 9) 808-810
|
|
